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1. The intake of any food or drink. Whoever breaks his fast
intentionally by eating or drinking must repent, ask
Allaah for forgiveness, and make up for that day, and no expiation is
required from him. (Not according to Maalik and Abu-Haneefa).
Note: Narrated Abu Hurayarah, may Allaah be
pleased with him, from the Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam: “Whoever did not fast for
one day of Ramadhaan without genuine excuse or a disease, then even if he
fasted for a complete year, it would not compensate for that day.” The
same is narrated from Ibn Masood, may Allaah bepleased with him. [Al-Bukhaari]
2. Sexual
intercourse: Whoever breaks his fast through sexual intercourse
must do four things:
A- Continue
fasting for the rest of the day because his fast was broken
illegitimately and therefore he is not permitted to eat or drink until
the sunsets.
B- Repent to
Allaah for
he has committed a great sin which requires repentance and penitence.
C- Fast to make up that
day.
D- An expiation is
imposed on him, and it is as follows:
- freeing
a slave, or, if he cannot,
- fasting
two months without interruption, or if he cannot,
- feeding
sixty poor people, if he still cannot afford it
he is then exempt from expiation.
3.
Vomiting intentionally either by putting the fingers through the mouth or
smelling something that causes vomiting, besides other methods. If
any of these acts are deliberately done by the fasting person, then his
fast is broken and he has to make up for that day. As to the one
who is forced to vomit, his fast is valid and should not make up for the
day in which he vomited. The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
said: “Whoever vomits deliberately
should fast one day in lieu of the day in which he vomited, and whoever
is forced to vomit should not”. [Ahmad and Al-Haakim].
4. Appearance of menstruation or
blood after delivery for women; when the woman’s monthly period starts or
when she is in confinement after giving birth, fasting is not accepted of
her. This is strengthened by the hadeeth in which A’isha, may Allaah be pleased with her, said: “Whenever (our monthly period started or some of us
were in confinement after child birth), we were commanded to fast the
days we missed but not to make up the prayers missed.” [Al-Bukhaari
and Muslim]
These were the
main acts or conditions, that nullify the
fast. Any act of the same kind as any of these, breaks one’s fast
as well. For example, any injection that has nourishment that the
Muslim takes in place of food or drink breaks the fast because it is a
form of eating and drinking. Likewise masturbation nullifies the
fast because it is similar to sexual intercourse.
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